ch4 information and decision filter

information filter
cognitive processes,personality variables, and socio-cultural factors affect the flow of information. routine nature (stage1)or decision necessary(stage 2).

four decision type:1. give up without reaching a decision, 2.lack sufficient information and will search more, 3.decide to take no action, 4.reach a decision and undertake a course of action.

four characteristics of human information-processing:1 stimulus and cognitive representations are different, cognitive representation is an entirely new product created in the brain. 2.the limited information-handling capacities of the brain, so extreme slectivity is exercised. 3. that perception is motivated and goal direction. 4.perception can proceed beyhond the informaion given.

spatial information comes from two sources, direct sensory experience (primary sources) and communicated to the individual by other people or by the mass media(secondary sources).

perception is dominantly visual; seeing is closely linked to believing.

communication takes two forms: interpersonal communication, and mass communication. both are not nutually exclusive. communication modle fig4.3c (multi-step flow model)

klapper(1960)describe three 'self-protective' measures defend themselves from 'unsympathetic content'. 1. selective exposure 2.selective perception 3. selective retention

the only area where mass media is likely to be instrumental in molding spatial schemata will be with regard to what Goody(1971) termed 'far place'. zone that the individual has never visited and about which his knowledge is either patchy or non-existent. it is the basis of the highly stereotyped images of sapce.